The object presented is a Crookes cold cathode X-ray tube. On the right side of the tube, there is a long tube that houses the cathode, which is spherically shaped to focus the emitted electrons onto a single point on the anticathode. A ring-shaped anode and a diagonally placed anticathode are located on the other side of the lamp. The high voltage source applied to the electrodes could be, for example, an induction coil. The tube bulb contained gas at significantly reduced pressure. The application of voltage caused the ionization of the gas. When colliding with the cathode, positive ions pushed electrons out of it. The accelerated electrons struck the anticathode, which was placed diagonally in the middle of the tube and made of tungsten (as in this case). When colliding with the anticathode, the electrons caused the emission of X-rays. The anode is shaped like a flat aluminum disc. All electrodes end with metal caps placed on the outside of the tube, connected to the rod on which the metal plates (heat sinks) were located. At the top of the tube, there is a welded tube with additional electrodes containing mica or palladium, which emit gas when heated. The purpose of this arrangement was to prevent the decrease in pressure inside the tube, that is, the hardening of the tube.