The solar system is a complex assembly of celestial bodies dominated by the Sun, a G2V-type star that accounts for more than 99.8% of the system’s total mass. Located in the Milky Way galaxy, our solar system comprises eight recognized planets, their natural satellites, dwarf planets, thousands of asteroids, comets, and countless smaller objects within the Kuiper Belt and beyond.

The planets are categorized into two groups: terrestrial planets and gas giants. The terrestrial planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars—are primarily composed of rock and metal, featuring solid surfaces. Among them, Earth is the only planet known to harbor life, thanks to its unique atmosphere and the abundant presence of liquid water.

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are classified as gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn) and ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). They are characterized by vast atmospheres primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, with the ice giants containing significant amounts of water, ammonia, and methane. Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, boasts an extraordinarily strong magnetic field and more than 79 known moons, including Ganymede, the largest moon in the solar system.