The pharaoh was the supreme ruler of Ancient Egypt, considered both a political leader and a divine being. The title of pharaoh derived from “per-aa,” which means “great house,” a reference to the royal palace. The pharaoh was seen as the living incarnation of gods, especially Horus during life and Osiris in death, establishing a direct connection between the human and the divine realm.

Pharaohs had the responsibility to maintain order (Maat) in Egypt, ensuring prosperity, justice, and stability. They oversaw large construction projects, including temples, palaces, and pyramids, such as the famous Great Pyramid of Giza built by Pharaoh Khufu. Additionally, they conducted military campaigns pa