Medieval castles were towering structures built primarily between the 9th and 15th centuries, serving as residences for the nobility and centers of military defense. Strategically located on hills or near rivers, castles were designed to withstand sieges and protect their inhabitants. Their architecture included robust walls, watchtowers, moats, and reinforced gates, often accompanied by drawbridges. Inside, prominent features included the great hall, used for banquets and meetings, as well as residential quarters and chapels.

Beyond fortifications, castles symbolized the power and authority of feudal lords over their lands. Over time, their function evolved to incorporate elements of luxury and comfort, such as gardens, decorative tapestries, and larger windows. By the late Middle Ages, the advent of firearms and cannons reduced the military effectiveness of castles. However, they endured as cultural landmarks and symbols of power, leaving a lasting influence on European architecture and history.