Horses (Equus ferus caballus) are large mammals belonging to the Equidae family, domesticated approximately 5,500 years ago. They have played a crucial role in the development of human civilizations, serving purposes such as transportation, agriculture, warfare, sports, and recreation. Known for their strength, speed, and endurance, horses come in a wide variety of breeds, each adapted to specific tasks and environments.

Horses are herbivores, primarily feeding on grass, hay, and other plants. Their anatomy is well-suited for running, with long legs and an efficient respiratory system that enables them to achieve high speeds and sustain endurance. Socially, horses are herd animals that live in groups of varying sizes. Within these groups, they develop complex social structures and communicate through sounds, facial expressions, and body postures.